ABSTRACT
Background: Admission hypomagnesemia has been linked with an increased risk of septic shock. The purpose of this study was to evaluate admission serum magnesium levels in patients with septic shock and to determine its correlation with the outcomes.Methods: It was a prospective observational study. Total 50 patients fitting the Sepsis-3 definition between time period of June 2017 to November 2018 were included in the study. Patients with suspected infection were identified at the bedside with qSOFA. Admission serum magnesium levels was measured for all patients included. APACHE II scores were calculated at the end of 24 hours after admission. Routine standard of care treatment was provided to all patients. The patients were monitored for organ dysfunctions based on daily SOFA scores, ventilator free days, vasopressors free days, dialysis free days, length of intensive care unit stay, length of hospital stay. The data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences for MS Windows.Results: In this study hypomagnesemia was prevalent in 18%, normomagnesemia in 62% and hypermagnesemia in 20% of total included patients. The mean vasopressor free days in Hypomagnesemia group (7.11�.79 days) were higher than those in normomagnesemic patients (5.06�51 days) and hypermagnesemia patients (1.70�09 days). Out of total 50 patients 18 died and 32 recovered. 11 patients out of 32 who recovered had abnormal admission serum magnesium levels whereas 8 pts out of 18 who died had abnormal admission serum magnesium levels. SOFA score in hypomagnesemic patients admitted with septic shock compared with those of normomagnesemic and hypermagnesemic patients was statistically significant.Conclusions: Author did not find any statistically significant correlation between admission magnesium levels in septic shock patients and outcomes although SOFA score was higher in hypomagnesemic patients admitted with septic shock compared with those of normomagnesemic and hypermagnesemic patients. Serum magnesium may not truly reflect body抯 magnesium status. RBC magnesium may need to be studied to see whether it is a more reliable biomarker.
ABSTRACT
Background: Code Blue systems are communication systems that ensure the most rapid and effective resuscitation of a patient in respiratory or cardiac arrest. Code blue was established in Bharati Hospital and Research Centre in Sept 2011 in order to reduce morbidity and mortality in wards. The aim of the study was to evaluate the current code blue system and suggest possible interventions to strengthen the system.Methods: It was retrospective observational descriptive study. The study population included all consecutive patients above the age of 18 years for whom code blue had been activated. Data was collected using code blue audit forms. The data was analysed using SPSS (Statistical Package for social sciences) software.Results: A total of 260 calls were made using the blue code system between September 2011 to December 2012. The most common place for blue code activation was casualty. The wards were next, followed by dialysis unit and OPD. The indications for code blue team activation were cardio-respiratory arrest (CRA) (88 patients, 33.84%), change in mental status (52 patients, 20%), road traffic accidents RTA (21, 8.07%), convulsions (29 patients 11.15%), chest pain (19 patients, 8.46%), breathlessness (18 patients,6.92%) and worry of staff about the patient (17 patients, 6.53%), presyncope (10 patients, 3.84%), and others (6 patients, 2.30%). The average response time was 1.58±0.96 minutes in our study. Survival rate was more in medical emergency group 46.15% than in CRA group 31.61%. Initial success rate was 35.2% and a final success rate was 34.6%.Conclusions: Establishment of code blue team in the hospital enabled us to provide timely resuscitation for patients who had “out of ICU” CRA. Further study is needed to establish the overall effectiveness and the optimal implementation of code blue teams. The increasing use of an existing service to review patients meeting blue code criteria requires repeated education and a periodic assessment of site-specific obstacles to utilization.